Abstract Background/Objective: Repeated equestrian training is often associated with lower cardiovascular strain as riders and horses become more familiar with training demands. In routine hunter training, however, lesson content and demands are not always the same from one session to the next. As a result, physiological measures may not change in the same way over […]

Abstract Background/Objective: Embodied AI systems must act safely in complex environments. Self-supervised learning (SSL) produces rich visual representations from unlabeled data and may capture safety-relevant structure. We ask whether two frozen encoders, the self-supervised DINOv3 and an ImageNet-supervised ResNet-50, encode such structure in grid-navigation states without safety-specific supervision.Methods: In MiniGrid LavaGapS7 we labeled 5,000 states […]

Abstract Microplastics pollute aquatic ecosystems and increasing evidence suggests adverse effects on human health. While urban drinking water systems filter microplastics; microplastic removal from open aquatic waterways remains largely unaddressed. A passive filtration mechanism using biochar, to date has not been reported.Hypotheses: a) If biochar is integrated into a sponge and mesh filter, more microplastics […]

Abstract Does a high school student’s family characteristics and ethnicity affect their rate of suspension? Racial disparities in suspension rates are well documented and two conflicting explanations are prevalent in previous literature. The first attributes the gap to differences in socioeconomic status and a student’s situation. The other suggests that institutional factors cause this disparity. […]