Abstract Glycerol, a biodiesel by-product, is often discarded due to limited high-value utilization, resulting in resource waste and increased environmental burden. Catalytic oxidation provides a potential route for converting glycerol into value-added chemicals such as glyceric acid. Previous studies have demonstrated that Pt-Fe interactions can influence glycerol oxidation, motivating further investigation of how Pt:Fe composition […]

Abstract Background: The structure of modern golf balls is complex, with multiple layers, dimples, varying cover materials, and different compression ratings due to mantle composition and construction. Rigorous, statistical comparisons of commercially available golf balls, tested under a repeatable swing, are not commonly available. The results of this experiment are relevant since the USGA and […]

Abstract This paper examines how persistent seasonal labor shortages arise in tourism dependent economies such as Ocean City, Maryland, and focuses on the interaction of federal labor supply shocks with local housing inelasticity, rather than shocks alone. I frame housing as a complementary input to labor supply, explaining how such constraints in the housing supply […]

Abstract The three theorems, Kummer’s theorem, Lucas’s theorem and the Multinomial Coefficient theorem, help determine the parity of a term from the expansion (x+y+z) n. To identify the parity of a term, using one or more of these theorems, requires heavy computation for calculating the parity of a multinomial term. This paper tries to answer […]

Abstract The Klein bottle is a classical non-orientable surface in topology that cannot be embedded in three-dimensional Euclidean space without self-intersection. This paper presents an expository analysis explaining why the Klein bottle cannot enclose a volume in R3. We examine orientability, embeddings and immersions. Using topological arguments and properties of smooth surfaces, we show that […]